Residential fire risk assessment guidance

What is a Type 1 fire risk assessment?

For a block of flats, a Type 1 fire risk assessment is a non-destructive assessment of the common parts and the relevant fire-safety arrangements. It records what can be established without opening up the building fabric and makes limitations clear.

Reviewed 19 September 2026 · Albion Mercer
Short answer

A Type 1 assessment considers the visible fire precautions, common escape routes, management arrangements, relevant doors and other accessible features without destructive inspection. Where important matters cannot be verified, the report should say so and recommend proportionate further investigation where necessary.

What the assessment looks at

The assessment considers how fire could start and spread, the means of escape, compartmentation insofar as it can be assessed non-destructively, fire doors, smoke control, emergency lighting, warning arrangements where relevant, housekeeping and the management systems needed to maintain fire safety.

What it does not prove

A Type 1 assessment cannot automatically confirm concealed construction. It does not prove the condition of hidden cavity barriers, fire stopping behind finishes or the full build-up of walls and floors merely because no visible defect is present. Those limitations should be recorded rather than disguised by assumptions.

When further investigation may be needed

Further investigation can be appropriate where the building history, visible evidence, previous reports or known defects raise a reasonable concern that cannot be resolved during the non-destructive assessment. The next step might be targeted opening-up, specialist inspection or obtaining reliable construction and commissioning records.

Why the building history matters

Purpose-built blocks, older conversions and post-1991 conversions can require different considerations. Understanding the age, conversion history, evacuation strategy and available records helps the assessor judge what can reasonably be expected and where uncertainty matters.

What the report should include

The report should give a clear description of the premises, the evacuation strategy, significant findings, limitations, risk conclusion and prioritised actions. It should enable the Responsible Person to manage the building rather than simply provide a checklist of observations.

Sources and further reading

Reviewed by

Specialist fire-safety expertise

Albion Mercer provides fire door inspections and fire risk assessments for managed residential and commercial property. The practice is led by Ian Munro-Price, a fire risk assessor who is NFRAR-listed and an Associate Member of the Institute of Fire Safety Managers.

Need advice on a specific building issue?

Guidance is useful, but some questions need the building context.

If you have a specific fire risk assessment, fire door or management issue, send the relevant information and we can identify the appropriate next step.

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